Electrical measuring instrument.



J. L. ZANDBR. ELECTRICAL MEASURING INSTRUMENT.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 28, 1910.

Patented Aug. 6, 1912.

3 SHEETSSHBET L INVENWOR J uhn L. 221 I & at";

BY Md/ M A'.'TORNE.YS

J. L. ZANDER.

ELEGTRIGAL MEASURING INSTRUMENT.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 28, 1910.

Patented Aug. 6, 1912.

3 SHEETSSHEET 2.

ATTORNEYS 1:414II1!!!)lfll/liflI/lIll/lllllll/ll/r/ Ill/l1 Patented Aug. 6, 1912.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3,

llll/lllllllllllllll/I/l/ll/I/I/I/III/Il/I/I/A J. L. ZANDER.

ELECTRICAL MEASURING INSTRUMENT.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 28, 1910.

INVENTOR'.

WITNESSES:

313W ATTORNEYS JOHN L. ZANDER, OF IRVINGTGN, REV

ELECTRICAL MEASURING INSTRUMENT.

Specification of Letters Patent.

IDS-1,945.

Application filed September 28, 131i).

.1 EBSEY.

Patented Aug. 6, 191% Serial No. 584,138.

T oa-Zl whom it may concern:

leit known that- I, JOHN L. ZANDER, a citizen 'of the United States, residing at lrvington, in the county of Essex and State of Xew Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Electrical Measurlnstrumcnts; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art. to which it appertains to make and use the same, refercnce being had to the accompanying drawings, and to characters of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

This invention has reference, generally, to llTilH'OYClllQIltS in electrical measuring de: vices; and, the present invention has for its principal object to provide a novel and simply constructed galva'nometer the. various devices and parts of which are arranged in a compact, manner, and are reduced to a minimum, the energizing coils while moving in the fields of the magnets having a large leverage with relation to their pivotal support, so that. the least movement of the coils will cause a correspondingly increase-d movement of the coil-sup mrting spindle or stem and the arm extending therefrom, the said arm producing a corresponding movement of the compensating spring which is connected with the index-hand of the supporting spindle or stem, so that the action of the measuring device is very delicate, and the least increase or decrease in the degrees of heat, or the like, is designated upon the scale and rendered more readily readable.

Other objects of this invention not at this time more particularly mentioned will be clearlyunderstood from the following description of the same.

lVith the vari 'ius objects of the present invention in view, the said invention consists, primarily. in the novel electrical measuring device or instrument hereinafter set forth;

and the invention consists.furthermore. in

the novel arrangements and combinations of manner shown in said Figs. 2 and 3 of the the various devices and parts, as well as in the details of the construction of the same,

all of which will he hereinafter more fully described, and then finally embodied in the clauses of the claims, which are appended to and which form an essential part of this specification.

The invcntion is fully illustrated in the top-cover whicht'orins the casiiigof the d e vi e being omitted from this viewfFig. t is a transverse vertical section of the'device, said. section being taken on line 4 -'1'in Figi'fl! of the drawings, looking the direct-ion of the arrow at, said section being also made on an enlarged scale; and Fig. 5 is a-ho ii Zontal sectional representation of the ole vice, said section being made on line" 5-5 in said liig. 3, looking in the direction of the arrow and the said section being made on a reduced scale. Fig. 6 is a detail. vertical sectional representation of one method of connecting the. arm which extends from the main oscillatory spindle or stem with the con'ipensating sprin of the index-hand carrying spindle; and Pig. 7 is a detail vertical sectional representation of one of the hearings which is employed with any one of the said spindles, said Figs. 6 and 7 being both made on considerably enlarged scales.

Similar characters of reference are employed in all of the above described views, to indicate corresptl ndingparts.

Referring now to the said drawings, the reference-(dinracter 1 indicates a suitable base. which may he of any marginal (onfiguration. and may he provided at suitable points near its edges with upwardly 6K- tending ears or lugs J, said lugs or cars be ing provided with screw -threaded holes 3. Suitably arranged upon the said base 1 is a cover, as -l-. the sides of which register with the said lugs 1' ears, in su stantially the.

(tr-linings, being suitably secui' 'ed thcri'toliy means of screws or pins 51. In its upper face. the said cover is formed at a desirable a pole piece may also be provided with a suitably formed handle 8, for handling and carrying about the box or case which is formed, when the said cover '1 is secured to said base 1 in the manner herein-above set forth; Suitably secured to the said base lby means of screws 9, or any other suitable fastening means,- is a postsor support 1() which is formed with an enlarged portion 'as 11, to

which is secured means'of screws 12, or

other g suitabl-e :t'aste'ning means, the neutral portion of ahorseshoe magnet 15.

manner, there is secured to said enlarged portion 11, of the saidpost or support-10, by means of screws 18 the neutral portion of a second horse-shoe magnet, said second magnet being disposed between the arms or members-l4: and 15'of the first-mentioned horse-shoe magnet- 13, the saidhorse-shoe magnet 19 comprising thearms or members 20 and 21, each arm or member being pro vided at or near its free end-portion with 22, and each pole-piece 25' be ing made with .the convex surface portion 23, each convex surface portion '23 is located opposite one of the concave surfaceportion 17 as clearly illustrated in Fig. 5 of the drawings.

The p0-le'pieces 16 are secured to the re spcctive arms of the magnet 13, by means of screws 24, and the said pole-pieces 22 of the magnet 19'aresecured to therespectivc arms thereof by means of screws 25. It will lie-understood, however, that the various pole-pieces may be otherwise connected with the arms .of the respective magnet-s. As shown -more particularly in Fig. 4 of the drawings, the respectivepolepie'ces 16 and 22 are-connected in pairs upon their under surfaces by means of suitable plates 26, said plates being secured in place by means of screws 27; but, it will be understood that any other suitalf le fiast iing means may be employed if fouiid desirable. The various arms'or members 14 and 15, and 20'and 21. of the two horseshoe magists 13 and 19 may also rest and may be supported upon a cross-bar 28, said bar 28 being secured by means of a screiv"29,'or other suitablefast 'ening means, to a post 30, which is secured by means of a screw 31, or other suitable fastening means, upon the base 1.

referring now, to Figs. 3 and -t of the drawings, it will be seen, that there is se cured to the arms or members 14 and t5 of the horse-shoe magnet 13, by means of the previously mentioned screws 24 the down- I wardlv extcnding'leg-portions or arms 33 of a supporting-plate This plate is located below the reading opening (3 herein-- above mentioned, and carries a member or element 34, which is suitably secured. upon the said plate 32, and has a scale or other suitable divisions or-graduations formed t hereon, as clearly represented in Fig. 1 of the tfl'rawings. Secured to the said base 1 by means of screws 36, or. in any other suitable manner, is a bracket 37, the said bracket being provided with a pair of forwardly eX-- tending armsor bearing-members 3S and 39.;

the said arm or bearingmember 38 being provided with a screw-threaded hole 40 inwhich is adjustably arranged a screwthreaded bearing-plug 41. In a like manner, the said'arm 39 is provided with a screw-threaded hole-42 in which is arranged a screw-tln'eaded plug 43.

Referring now more particularly to the detailed view of Fig. 7 of the; drawings it will be seen, that each bearing-plug is made with a chambered portion 44, in which is movably arranged a stem 45 surrounded by a coil-spring 46. T he stem 45 is provided with a bearing-head 47 which, is formed with a cone-shaped seat 48, the said stem and its bearing-head. beingoperative'ly retained within the chambered bearing-plug by the turned-in portion 49 of the plug, againstwhich the annular shouldered part of the head 47 bears, substantially as shown in said Fig. 'I-of the drawings. The said bearingplug 43 is provided with a' correspondingly disposed and similarly constructed spring cont-rolled stem, andbearing-head forming part of said stem. Oscillatorily mounted between the bearing-heads of the stems arranged in the said respective bearing-plugs 41 and 43 is a vertical spindle or stem 50. The spindle or stem 50 is provided with an annular shoulder or flange 51 and is made with pivots Orpointed'end-pOrtiOns and 53 which restlightly in the cone-shaped seats of the respective bearing-heads movably disposed in the socketed and adjustable bearing-plugs 41 and 43, so that the said spindle" or stem 50 and the parts connected therewith will have a free oscillatory move ment, as will be clearly evident. Suitably securedupon said spindle or stem 50, so as to oscillate therewith, is an eyeport-ion 5 t, and extending from the opposite edge-portions thereof are suitable carriers or arms and 5G. Extending downwardly from the free end of said arm 55 is an extension 57 which carries a suitable wire-wound ener gizing coil 58; and, in like manner, extending downwardly from the free end of the arm 6 is an extension 59 which carries a suitable wire wound energizing coil 60. Suitably secured to the bracket or post 37, by means of a screw (31, or other suitable fastening means, arc-a pair of segmental members or elements 62 and 6 3, the tree into and terminating in the aroshaped space formed between the concave. surface-portion 17 of the pole-piece 16 of the magnet-arm Hand the convex surface-portion 23 of the pole-piece 22 of'the magnet-arm 20; and, the free end-port1on of the member .63 extending into andterminating in the arearm Asshown, the coil 58 encompasses and'is movably disposed upon the free endportion iof the segmental member or elementfltfl and the coil 60 encompasses and is movably'disposed upon the free end-portion of the segmental member or' element .03. Suitably disposed upon said spindle orstem 'abovethe said eye-portion54 is' a sleeve 64: if-insulating material to which is secured the innrend-port-ion of a torsional or spiral spring-65, and secured ahove'the said insulating sleeve 64 is another eye-portion 66 from which projects a forwardly extending arm or rod 67.- -Above this latter eye portion'66 isanother sleeve 68 of insulating material to which is secured the inner endpcrtion of another torsional'or spiral spring 69. Aplate or bar 70 is secured upon the Upper arm 38 of the standard or post 37 by-means of the previously mentioned screwplug 41, the plate or bar 70'having secured at one end a piece of-insula'ting material 71. Connected with and extending from a portion of the spring 69 is a suitably covered or. insulated "circuit-wire 72, a portion of which may be'wound around the arm and the extension 57, and connected with the coil 59. The reference-character 73 indicates a suitably covered or insulated cir-' cuit-wire leading from the endof said coil. 58'to and being connected at its 0th r end with the coil 60. The end of this las men; tioned coil is connected by means of a suitably -covered or insulated circuit-wire 74:, Wl1l(:l1 may be wound around the arm 56,"Wlt ll tl18 spring 65. I Circuit-wires 75 and 76 lead from the respective springs 69 'and' 05 to .the insulating block or piece 71. the ends of said circuit-wires 7 and 76 being connected'with the respective en'd portions of a main circuit-wire 77 in which a 'thermo-electric couple is adapted to be located, and the saidwires 75 and 70 being slightly heavier than the other wires used, so as to.se-rve as suitable abutments for the ends of the springs tlfi and 69.

Referring now to Figs. 3 and 6, it will be seen that the previously mentioned and forwardly extending arm or rod 67 has a screwthreaded end-portion 78 which is screwed into a screw-threaded receivingsocket 80 of a yoke or stirrup-shaped connecting device 79 This device 79 comprises'a pair of arms 81 and 82, said arms being provided with nwnmimi imim. QQ 4.1 M011 rinnnnv screwed an adjustable bearing-plug 84. These plugs 84 are similar in construction to the beariiigplugs 41 and i3 hereinbe' fore mentioned. The pivots or pointed end.- portions of a short spindle or stem 85. are oscillatorily arranged and supported between t-he cone-shaped bearing-portions of said bearing-plugs 84, as will be clearly evident. Suitably mounted uponthe upper surface of the said enlarged portion 11 of the bracket or post 10, and secured thereto by means of screws 86, or other suitable fastening means, is a plate 87, said plate forming a bracket, and being provided with a rearwardly extending supporting member 88 and a forwardly extending supporting member 89. The said supporting member 88 is formed with a screw-threaded hole 90, and. mounted upon said member 88 is a [-shaped support or bracket 91. This support or bracket 91 has apair of arms 92 and 93, the arm 92 being formed with a screwthreaded hole 94 and the arm 93 \vithia screw-threaded hole 95. Suitably screwed in the screw-threaded holes 90 and 94 is a bearing-plug 90, said plug 90 being'used also to secure the support or bracket 91 in its operative position upon the supporting member 88, and screwed into the screw-threaded hole 95 is a bearing-plug 97. These bearingplugs 96 and 97 are also similar in construction to the bearing-plugs 41 and43. The pivots or .pointed end-portions of an oscillatory spindle or stein 98 are oscillatorily arranged and supported between the coneshaped bearing-portions of these bearingplugs 96 and 97. The oscillatory movements of this spindle or stem 98 are produced by a spirabspring'99 which has its inner endportion secured to said spindle or stem 98 and has its outer end-portion attached to the spindle or stem 85. By this means, the slightest'movement of the armor rod 07 will be communicated directly to said spindle orstem 98. Suitably secured upon the said spindle 98 is acfixed sleeve or collar 100 from which extends an index-hand 101.

This hand has a suitably bent part 102 terminating in a finger 103 which is movably arranged above the previously mentioned plate 34 and the scale or other suitable graduation 35 thereon, the said hand being provided with a pointer 10% which moves directly over the divisions or graduations of the said scale. That the indexhand 101 and the parts connected therewith may be properly balanced the said sleeve or collar has extending therefrom, an arm-portion 105, ,which is preferably provided upon its free end-portion with a balancing wing or vane 106, as clearly indicated in the dotted outline in Fig. 3 of "the drawings. That the oscillatory movements of the said index hand may not be influenced or counteracted luv nnt-cirln nfivnncnlinvin nrrnrlitinnu cur-l1 nu drafts. or wind, the provioii-dgrmentioned supporting member 88 thereon ll nan-ins; of an tllt'rrlllillltal i. or Witt] l z iirll i j'ald eillator); movement at the index lmnd. the i said balancing wine or vane being arranged direetil within and moving in the aaid on: or caning it)? as will he. elearlv ex ident.

Having thus in a general way deaeriln d the construction of an eleetiieal in wiring device showing one emlmlimcnt oi the prineiplea of the. preswnt invention. Wil now l riell v wt forth ita operation. tinder non and initial eonditiona. when the.

not in nae. the various part; me in sue relative it-o,--,ition at red. an that. the iluil t l' j of the index-hand ill lie dint-ti over in zero graduation. is soon, hoiverm, a the inatruinent is: put in rireuit. by (lamenting the. ends at the wires ii" to a therzuo-eleetrie couple. or other eleetrieity--produeion ouree. l a eolnplete eleetrie iri uit will he iihlis neiv l through the main viii-nit T7. the. Llli'lalt-\\'i! 'Tt'. the pring 65. the wire 7;. the roll the ire. T3. roil lite n'lre ii the 1" (it). and Ihe wire To l a -h through 77 to the emanating siouree. that the rolls 5S and till heroine ater and will ilierehv he. mused to more in 2 site direeti ms upon the respe iiw nu [if and U and res-perliielv lietneen the pair l of poleierw it and 22 oi the re-1peetire horsoslnze magnets l and lit. as will he; elearl) evident from an iinpertion from t t l Figs. --land 5 of the drawings. Thin est-illatin; movement oi the .dllil coils and the eorrepondingr movement oi the arms 5); and 3t? will produee an oscillation of the spindle between its hearings, so that the forwardly extending rod or arm 67 is aw. eordingly also moved and oseillated. At the same time the e ll;itory nanements; ol the said arm or rod T lo means of the ir viouslv mentioned ren -renaming primg 99 produees an oz eillaihn ot he spindle Eli-4 l etween itri heal-info and tlie pointer ol the index-halal will aeeordinglv move along the stale tor proper indiratiou, a.-. will e elea understood. Thus it will he ei'ident that the slightest morement of the. arm or rod til in inniu-diatelv eonve ved to the indoyhand no an to produee a very delieate and emit readahle inatrument tor the purple; ol' the Ell'Qw" ent. invention. A. soon as he. tlil'li'llhvlfk (liming aouree has. again lie-on out out of the main eirenit. the anions or. and 'ln will. H945- elzanieallv amume H lt il' H t nstrument to their initial positions with the pointerot the ii'nltw-liand again at zero.

I am aware that .somo changes may he made i.:; the arrangement'a' and combinations ti moons; devices; and parts. as well as iftf 1 of the eonstruetion of the same, a ltliont departing from the seope of this in- \t-w'ian 1h rjleserihed in the foregoing speeiiii-anio and as defined in the clauses of the rlaims: wliieh are appended thereto. Hem-e, l d not. limit my present invention to the mart arrangements and combinations of the deriees and parts as set forth in the said sperilieation. nor do I confine myself to the smart. details of the eonstruetion of the said parte a;-- illustrated in the accompanying lii l. I: an eieetrie measuring instrument. apair oi ho: e-shoe magnets. one of said magthe.

= lietwm-n said pairs of polepieees, means for aupporting said coils, a forwardly extending arm :letnated from said coils. an oscillatory index hand. and a spiral spring het'weensaid forwardly extending arms and said index hand l--: a tnating said indexdiand.

an eleetrie measuring instrument. a .an l horse-shoe magnets, one of said mageta heing" larger than the other magnet, the

= #mnllei magnet: being disposed between the poloarms of the larger magnet. pole'pieees earried by the respective pole-arms of said magnets. said pole-pieees being arranged in pai and having a spaee between each pair ol said pole pieees. a Wire-Wound eoil mov- .ly disposed in each space between said pairs of pole-pieces. means for supporting said coils, a forwardly extending arm aetuated from said coils, a. stirrup4 haped member connected with Fflltl arm, a spindle osciliatorily mounted in said stinmrshaped member. an oscillatory index-hand. and rm aobetween said spindle and said index hand for aetuating said index-hand.

iii. in an eleetrio measuring inatrmnent, a pair oi horse-shoe magnets. one of naid magnets being larger than the other magnet, the smaller magnet being (llFPOz-Qd between the poloarlns ot the larger magnet. pole-pieces earried hr the respective pole-arms of said magnet *aid pole-pieees being arranged in of mid pole-pieees. a Wire-wound eoil moiralil i disposed in eaeh space hetvveen said pail-=4 ot pole-pioee$ means for supporting voila. a forwardly extending arm actu- I I i I 1 r larger than the other magnet,'

ber connected with said arm, aspindle oscillatorily mounted in said stirrup-shaped member, an oscillatory index hand, and a spiral spring between said spindle and. said index-hand for actuating said index hand.

4. In an electric measuring instrument, a pair of horse-shoe magnets. one of said magnets being larger than the other magnet, the smaller magnet being disposed between the pole-armsof the larger magnet, pole-pieces arried by the respective pole-arms of said magnets, said pole-pieces being arranged in pairs and having a space between each pair of said polepieces, a standard provided with a pair of forwardly extending arms, bearing-lugs connected with said arms, an oscilla tory spindle mounted between said bearing-lugs, coil-supporting arms extending laterally on opposite side's ofsaid spindle, a wire-wound coil connected withcach coilsupporting arm. each coil being movably disposed in a space between each pair of pole-pieces, and an index hand actuated through the movements of said coils.

In an electric measuring instrument, a pair of horse-shoe magnets, one of said magnets being larger than the other magnet, the

smaller magnet being disposed between the polearms of the larger magnet, pole-pieces.

carried by the respective pole-arms of said magnets, said pole-piecesbeing arranged in pairs and having a space between each pair of said p0lepieces, a standard provided with a pair of forwardly extending arms. bearing-lugs connected with said arms, an oscillatory spindle mounted between said bearing-lugs, coil-supporting a rms extending laterally on opposite sides of said spindle. a wire-woundcoil connected with each coilsupporting arm, each coil being movahljv disposed in a space between each pair of pole-pieces, a fm'wardly extending arm connected with said spindle. an oscillator index-hand, and a spiral spring between said forwardly extending arm and said index hand for actuating said index-hand.

6. In an electric measuring instrument. a pair of horse-shoe magnets, one of said magnets being larger than the other magnet. the smaller magnet beindisposed between the pole-arms of the la 2r magnet, pole-pieces carried by the respective pole-arms of said magnets, said pole-pieces being arranged n pairs and having a space between each panof said pole-pieces, a standard provided with a pair of forwardly extending arms, bearing-lugs connected with said arms. an oscillatorfv spindle mounted between said bearing lugs, coil-supporting arms extendlng laterally on opposite sides of said spindle, a Wire-wound coil connected with each coilsupporting arm, each coil being movably disposed in a space between each pair of pole-pieces, a forwardly extending arm con nected with said spindle, a stirrup-shaped member connected-with saio arm, a spindle oscillatorily mounted in said stirrup-shaped member, an oscillatory index hand, and means between said spindle and said indexhand.

7. In an electric measuring instrument-,1 pair of horseshoe magnets, one of said'magnets being larger than the othermagnet, the smaller magnet being disposed between the pole-arms ot the larger magnet, pole-pieces carried by the respective pole-arms of said magnets. said pole-pieces being arranged in pairs and having a space between each pair of said pole-pieces, a standard provided with a pair of forwardly extending arms, bearing'lugs connected with said arms, an oscillatory spindle mounted between said bearing lugs, coil supporting arms extending laterally on opposite sides of said'spindle. a wirc-wound coil connected with each coil supporting arm, each coil being niovably disposed in a space between each pair of pole-pic a forwardly extending arm connected w ii said spindle, a stirrup-shaped member connected with said arm, a spindle oscillatorilv mounted in said stirrup-shaped member, an oscillatory index-hand, and a spiral spring between said spindle and said iIltlQX-lltUltl for actuating said index-hand.

S. An electric measuring instrument comprising a baseplate, a standard mounted upon said base-plate, a pair of horse-shoe magnets secured upon opposite sides of said standard. a plate mounted upon said standard. a supporting member connected with said plate. a bracket upon said supporting member. said bracket being provided with a pair of arms. bearing-plugs connected with said arms, a spindle oscillatorily mounted between said plugs, an index hand carried by said spindle. and means for producing the oscillatory movements of said spindle and index-hand.

9. An electric measuring instrument comprising a base-plate, a standard mounted upon said base-plate. a pair of horse-shoe magnets secured upon opposite sides of said standard, a plate mounted upon said standard. a supporting member connected with said plate, a bracket upon said supporting member, said bracket being provided with a pair of arms. bearing-plugs connected with said arms, a spindle oscillatorily mounted between said plugs. an index hand carried by said spindle, a second standard mounted upon said base-plate. a pair of forwardly extending arms connected with said standard. bearing-plugs connected with said lastmentioned arms, a spindle oscillatorily mounted between said last-mentioned bear-- ing-plugs. anarm extending from said lastn'ie'ntioned spindle, means for actuating'said spindle and its arm, and means between said arm and said index-hand for actuating said index hand.

10. An electric measuring snnlpri ing almseplniw ml upon said lnme-pluig n H nmgfnfits HMiffll ngurn :Aantlanl, a plate nwaznie zariil, :1 filizbpfilfllllff mun? :anid plain, :1 1mm; member, azz hl by :1 pair 0! fill said am. a .lnflth'lliil zvchvwn'mzill pin 7 -tarried by said spindle, a sevnnd standard mounted upon said bzmenplzme a pair of {0% an index n warilly extending ill-Ins; mnuectud with said standard, hauling-plugs mnnwihzal with mini instruxnvnt mags i lnmxlinlml nuns a spindle oscillaturlly 1 im'wmiml lnm'ccn will. lavst mnntioned bean in :ilill in 'r-plvgs. an arm @Ylemling from said lastn J1 for uctuutmg sand I (l a spiral spring bem'm an-i Halal index hand for ac wimp: snfwl sndvrx' aiililil.

10--;?1?i11"il}'. film! lclulm the invention 5st forth nlmw l have hcreunln set my hand this ii fitn day of September. 1.910.

JOHN L. ZANDER.

Win awsew:

Fmum. U. FmEx'rznL, Fawn." .1 EV Mum-Yum. 

